【英文标准名称】:Ski-polesforalpineskiing-Requirementsandtestmethods.
【原文标准名称】:高山滑雪用滑雪杖的要求和试验方法.
【标准号】:NFS52-701-2011
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2011-09-01
【实施或试行日期】:2011-09-30
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(FR-AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Alpineskis;Design;Dimensions;Marking;Materials;Minimumrequirements;Safetyengineering;Safetyrequirements;Skipoles;Skiing;Skis;Specification(approval);Specifications;Sportsequipment;Symbols;Terms;Testing;Testingconditions;Units;Wintersportsequipment
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Y56
【国际标准分类号】:97_220_20
【页数】:21P;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticesforAirLeakageSiteDetectioninBuildingEnvelopesandAirBarrierSystems
【原文标准名称】:建筑物外层和空障系统漏气现场检测的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME1186-2003(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E06.41
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:acousticmethod;airbarriersystem;airleakage;airleakagedetection;anemometermethod;bubblemethod;buildingenvelopes;infraredmethod;smoketracemethod;tracergasmethod;Acousticaltests;Airleakagetesting--buildingmaterials/constructions;
【摘要】:Airinfiltrationintotheconditionedspaceofabuildingaccountsforasignificantportionofthethermalspaceconditionload.Airinfiltrationcanaffectoccupantcomfortbyproducingdrafts,causeindoorairqualityproblemsbycarryingoutdoorpollutantsintooccupiedbuildingspaceand,inhothumidclimates,candepositmoistureinthebuildingenveloperesultingindeteriorationofbuildingenvelopecomponents.Incoldclimates,exfiltrationofconditionedairoutofabuildingcandepositmoistureinthebuildingenvelopecausingdeteriorationofbuildingenvelopecomponents.Differentialpressureacrossthebuildingenvelopeandthepresenceofairleakagesitescauseairinfiltrationandexfiltration(1).Insomebuildings,restrictingairmovementbetweeninteriorzonesofabuildingmaybedesiredtoseparatedissimilarinteriorenvironmentsorpreventthemovementofpollutants.Althoughnotdealtwithspecificallyinthisstandard,thedetectionpracticespresentedcanalsobeusefulindetectingairleaksbetweeninteriorzonesofthebuilding.Airleakagesitesareoftendifficulttolocatebecauseairflowsmaybesmallundertheprevailingweatherconditions.Windconditionscanaidinairleakagedetectionbyforcingairtoenterabuilding;however,whereairisexiting,thebuildingenvelopeconstructionmaymakeobservationsdifficult.Forthesereasons,forcedpressurizationordepressurizationisstronglyrecommendedforthosepracticeswhichrequirecontrolledflowdirection.Thetechniquesforairleakagesitedetectioncoveredinthesepracticesallowforawiderangeofflexibilityinthechoiceoftechniquesthatarebestsuitedfordetectingvarioustypesofairleakagesitesinspecificsituations.Theinfraredscanningtechniqueforairleakagesitedetectionhastheadvantageofrapidsurveyingcapability.Entirebuildingexteriorsurfacesorinsidewallsurfacescanbecoveredwithasinglescanorasimplescanningaction,providedtherearenoobscuringthermaleffectsfromconstructionfeaturesorincidentsolarradiation.Thedetailsofaspecificairleakagesitemaythenbeprobedmorecloselybyfocusingonthelocalarea.Localleakdetectioniswelladdressedwiththesmoketracer,anemometer,sounddetection,thebubbledetection,andthetracergastechniques,howeverthesetechniquesaretimeconsumingforlargesurfaces.Thepressurizedordepressurizedtestchamberandsmoketraceroradepressurizedtestchamberandleakdetectionliquidpracticescanbeusedinsituationswheredepressurizingorpressurizingtheentireenvelopeisimpractical,suchasisthecaseduringconstruction.Bothofthepracticesenablethedetectionofverysmallleaks.Toperformthesepracticesrequiresthattheairbarriersystembeaccessible.Complexityofbuildingairleakagesitesmaydiminishtheabilityfordetection.Forexample,usingthesounddetectionapproach,soundmaybeabsorbedinthetortuouspaththroughtheinsulation.Airmovingthroughsuchbuildingleakagepathsmaylosesomeofitstemperaturedifferentialandthusmakethermographicdetectiondifficult.Theabsenceofjet-likeairflowatanairleakagesitemaymakedetectionusingtheanemometerpracticedifficult.Stackeffectinmultistorycommercialbuildingscancausegravitydamperstostandopen.Computer-controlleddampersshouldbeplacedinnormalandnightmodestoaidindeterminingtheconditionsexistinginthebuilding.Sensitivepressuremeasurementequipmentcanbeusedforevaluatingpressurelevelsbetweenfloorsandtheexterior.Monitoringsystemsinhigh-techbuildingscansupplyqualitativedataonpressuredifferences.1.1Thesepracticescoverstandardizedtechniquesforlocatingairleakagesitesinbuildingenvelopesandairbarriersystems.1.2Thesepracticesofferachoiceof......
【中国标准分类号】:P31
【国际标准分类号】:91_120_99
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语